Industrial 4.0 is the advancement of manufacturing and industrial application
by integrating modern large-scale machine-to machine communication (M2M)
and the industrial internet of things (IIoT) for increased automation, improved
communication and self-monitoring, and production of smart machines that
can analyze and diagnose issues without the need for human involvement.
The diagram below shows the transformation from industrial 1.0 to 4.0
Quality control (QC) is a set of quality criteria to ensure that a production product
or a provided service meets the requirements of the client or customer.
They are test procedures used to verify that a product is safe and effective after
manufacturing is done.
Quality assurance (QA) are actions taken to design and manufacture a safe and
effective product by building quality controls into the product life cycle.
So QA is the process carried out in product design to set the quality criteria while
QC is the process is carried out in production to ensure the product meets the
quality requirement.